Author name: Sam Gilbert

Sam Gilbert is a registered physiotherapist with the Australian Physiotherapy Association (APA) and certified strength and conditioning specialist (CSCS) with the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA). He holds a bachelor’s degree in Physiotherapy from Latrobe university (Melbourne, Australia) and a master’s degree in Exercise Science (Strength and Conditioning) from Edith Cowan University (Perth, Australia). A 3rd Dan black belt in Shinkyokushinkai Karate under the World Karate Organisation (WKO), Sam participated for over 20 years in full contact competition, winning multiple state and national titles, and culminating in a 4th place in the heavyweight division of the Shinkyokushinkai World Cup in 2009. As the co-founder and clinical director of Club 360, the premier multi-disciplinary health and fitness center in Tokyo, Japan, Sam has combined his practical experience with an in-depth study of sports performance in relation to combat sports, and strives to help other combat athletes reach their full competitive potential, whilst at the same time decreasing injury risk and increasing competition and training potential.

RESEARCH REVIEW: The “Warrior” COMT Val/Met Genotype Occurs in Greater Frequencies in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters Relative to Controls

The “Warrior” COMT Val/Met Genotype Occurs in Greater Frequencies in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters Relative to Controls Tartar, J; Cabrera, D; Knafo, S; Thomas, JD Antonio, J; Peacock, C. JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE (2020) 19, 38-42 BACKGROUND The body of sports science research pertaining to predictors of success in different athletic activities is …

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RESEARCH REVIEW: Understanding Concussion Knowledge and Behavior Among Mixed Martial Arts, Boxing, Kickboxing, and Muay Thai Athletes and Coaches

Understanding Concussion Knowledge and Behaviour Among Mixed Martial Arts, Boxing, Kickboxing, and Muay Thai Athletes and Coaches (1)​ Follmer, B; Varga, AA;. & Zehr, EP. THE PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE 1–7 (2020) BACKGROUND Combat sports are unlike other contact sports, in that trauma to the brain is not only a consequence of the competition, it is …

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RESEARCH REVIEW: The Safety of Sportive Chokes: A Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study

The Safety of Sportive Chokes: A Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study (1) Stellpflug, S; Schindler, B; JCorry, J: Menton, T; LeFevere, R THE PHYSICIAN AND SPORT MEDICINE, PUBLISHED AHEAD OF PRINT. BACKGROUND Choking, or sporting choking, as it is referred to in the literature, is common in many grappling sports/arts. The goal of application of a choke …

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RESEARCH REVIEW: Effects of Rapid Weight Loss on Judo Athletes: A Systematic Review

Effects of Rapid Weight Loss on Judo Athletes: A Systematic Review (1) CLakicevic, N; Roklicer, R; Bianco, A; Mani, D; Paoli, A; Trivic, T; Ostojic, S; Milovancev, A; Maksimovic, N;Drid, P. NUTRIENTS. 2020;12(5):1220. BACKGROUND The practice of weight-cutting for sports, in particular its safety and effectiveness, has been cause of a great deal of debate …

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RESEARCH REVIEW: Physical Response to Pad- and Bag-Based Boxing-Specific Training Modalities

Physical Response to Pad- and Bag-Based Boxing-Specific Training Modalities (1) Finlay, Mitchell J.; Greig, Matt; McCarthy, Jake; Page, Richard M. JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH, APRIL 2020 – VOLUME 34 – ISSUE 4 BACKGROUND Pad-based and bag-based training drills are among the most commonly used training modalities amongst striking combat athletes. The duration and …

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RESEARCH REVIEW: Relationships Between Punch Impact Force and Upper- and Lower-Body Muscular Strength and Power in Highly Trained Amateur Boxers (1)

Relationships Between Punch Impact Force and Upper- and Lower-Body Muscular Strength and Power in Highly Trained Amateur Boxers (1) Dunn, E; Humberstone, C; Franchini, E; Iredale, K; Blazevich, A. JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH, PUPLISHED AHEAD OF PRINT BACKGROUND It is a given that punching power is one of the most important characteristics in …

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RESEARCH REVIEW – The Countermovement Jump Mechanics of Mixed Martial Arts Competitors

The Countermovement Jump Mechanics of Mixed Martial Arts Competitors James, L.P; Connick, M; Haff GG; Kelly, V.G; Beckman, E.M. JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH: APRIL 2020 – VOLUME 34 – ISSUE 4 BACKGROUND Explosive force development in the lower limb is a critically important characteristic in mixed martial arts (MMA), and in part influences …

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RESEARCH REVIEW – Defining the Phases of Boxing Punches – A Mixed Methods Approach

Defining the Phases of Boxing Punches – A Mixed Methods Approach Lenetsky, S; Brughelli, M;, Nates R.J; Neville, J.G; Cross, M.R; Lormier, A.V. JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH: APRIL 2020 – VOLUME 34 – ISSUE 4 BACKGROUND In many sports, common movements are separated into phases for the sake of optimising qualitative and quantitative …

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RESEARCH REVIEW: Influence of Mental Fatigue on Physical Performance, and Physiological and Perceptual Responses of Judokas Submitted to the Special Judo Fitness Test

Influence of Mental Fatigue on Physical Performance, and Physiological and Perceptual Responses of Judokas Submitted to the Special Judo Fitness Test Campos, B.T; Penna, E.M; Rodrigues, J.G.S; Mendes, T.T; Maia-Lima, A; Nakamura, F; Vieira, E; Wanner, S.P; Prado, L.S. JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH BACKGROUND The first paper we reviewed made reference to the …

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RESEARCH REVIEW: Jiu-Jitsu-Specific Performance Test: Reliability Analysis and Construct Validity in Competitive Athletes

Jiu-Jitsu-Specific Performance Test: Reliability Analysis and Construct Validity in Competitive Athletes da Silva Junior, J.N; Kons, R.L; de Lucas, R.D; Detanico, D. JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH, PUBLISH AHEAD OF PRINT BACKGROUND Similar to the tests discussed in the previous article, the Jiu Jitsu Anaerobic Performance Test (JJAPT), first described by Villar et al …

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RESEARCH REVIEW: Validity of a Novel Specific Wrestling Fitness Test

Validity of a Novel Specific Wrestling Fitness Test Markovic, M; Kukic, F; Dopsaj, M; Kasum, G; Toskic, L; and Zaric, I. JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH, ARRIL 2020 BACKGROUND The first paper of this issue, as the title suggests, explores the validity of a test specifically designed to assess fitness performance characteristics in wrestlers. …

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Safely Returning to Exercise after Lockdown 

We understand that some combat athletes at the elite level have had specific access to training facilities during this period of lockdown. For many amateur and recreational athletes, however, the period of isolation has likely restricted training options. As restrictions gradually begin to ease, there are some important points to keep in mind when returning …

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The Right Leg’s Connected to the … Left Leg?

The Right Leg’s Connected to the … Left Leg? Rehabilitation of any injury or condition is a multifaceted process that requires attention to every aspect related to a successful recovery. One of the factors often overlooked is the maintenance of conditioning on the non-affected side. What many individuals, including coaches and clinicians, often fail to …

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Basic method of testing and comparing athletes – Executive Fight Night

The highlight of Tokyo’s social calendar is undoubtably Executive Fight night (EFN), a white collar boxing event held annually by the Ginja Ninjas (www.executivefightnight.com). At Club 360 we get to see the see the participants as they go through their gruelling 3-month training camp in preparation for the event. This year we thought we would …

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Neck Strength Basics – Part 3

In the previous post we provided examples of basic exercises to active the neck muscles in the form of isometric holds (https://www.thescienceofstriking.com/training/neck-strength-basics-part-2/). The load with these exercises may be progressed in the form of the cervical bridges featured below. Once the athlete is comfortable bridging from the knees, the exercises may be progressed to the …

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Neck Strength Basics – Part 2

In the previous post we discussed the basic actions of the neck muscles when absorbing force in the form of a punch or kick (https://www.thescienceofstriking.com/training/neck-strength-basics-part-1/). In the next 3 sections we will provide some examples of basic introductory neck strength exercises. Too often we see strength training for the cervical spine progressed too quickly, which …

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Neck Strength Basics – Part 4

In previous posts we have discussed the basics of neck strength training and provided examples of introductory exercises (https://www.thescienceofstriking.com/training/neck-strength-basics-part-3/). This final post will discuss how we can train the neck in multiple directions as well as reacting to external stimuli. In previous posts we have discussed the basics of neck strength training and provided examples …

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Three Simple Core Exercises for Karate Classes

In a previous post on the biomechanics of striking, we described how the abdominals should be utilised as an area of force transfer between the upper and lower body (https://www.thescienceofstriking.com/training/the-biomechanics-of-a-knockout-punch/). As such, the majority of our abdominal training should be performed as isometric holds, teaching the body to resist excessive movement at the lower back. …

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Applying the Acute vs Chronic Workload Ratio to Combat Sports: Part 3

In the previous post we discussed calculation of training load using training minutes and RPE (https://www.thescienceofstriking.com/training/applying-the-acute-vs-chronic-workload-ratio-to-combat-sports-part-2/). Whilst this works well as a base, it is possible to be even more detailed with our quantification of training load using some slightly more advanced methods. As discussed in the last post, compared to sports involving primarily cyclic …

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Applying the Acute vs Chronic Workload Ratio to Combat Sports: Part 2

In the last post we discussed the importance of consistency in training loads, and introduced the acute vs chronic workload ratio (ACWR)(https://www.thescienceofstriking.com/training/applying-the-acute-vs-chronic-ratio-to-combat-sports-part-1/). Initially popular with team sports, the acute vs chronic ratio is now widely used in reference to resistance training and endurance sports. Whilst we don’t presently have any studies referencing its use in …

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Applying the Acute vs Chronic Ratio Workload to Combat Sports: Part 2

In the last post we discussed the importance of consistency in training loads, and introduced the acute vs chronic workload ratio (ACWR)(https://www.thescienceofstriking.com/training/applying-the-acute-vs-chronic-ratio-to-combat-sports-part-1/). Initially popular with team sports, the acute vs chronic ratio is now widely used in reference to resistance training and endurance sports. Whilst we don’t presently have any studies referencing its use in …

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How to avoid overtraining and reduce the likelihood of injury – Applying the Acute vs Chronic Workload Ratio to Combat Sports: Part 1

The Importance of Training Load In previous posts we have discussed goal setting for the year in advance (https://www.thescienceofstriking.com/mental-training/goal-setting-for-2019-part-1-types-of-goals/), setting up a testing battery to establish baseline levels of performance (https://www.thescienceofstriking.com/training/what-does-your-testing-battery-look-like-part-1/) and using the results of these processes to plan out the years training cycles (https://www.thescienceofstriking.com/training/what-does-your-annual-training-plan-look-like-part-1/). Critical to the success of the training programme, both in …

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What Does Your Annual Training Plan Look Like? –  Part 4 – Case Study 2

In the previous post we examined what an example annual training plan might look like for an Olympic boxing contender whose competition schedule is quite fixed, and whose training programme was focused on energy systems development (https://www.thescienceofstriking.com/mental-training/what-does-your-annual-training-plan-look-like-part-3-case-study-1/). In this post we take an example annual training plan for an athlete with less of a fixed …

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What Does Your Annual Training Plan Look Like? – Part 3 – Case Study 1

In the previous post we looked at how an athlete might set up the first few training cycles of the year (https://www.thescienceofstriking.com/training/what-does-your-annual-training-plan-look-like-part-2-case-study-1/). This post will look at the reassessment following competition. Competition day (Apr 28) This first competition for the season would be a test of the current training protocol. Improvements on performance in key …

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What Does Your Annual Training Plan Look Like? – Part 2 – Case Study 1

In the previous post we discussed the importance of having a training plan (https://www.thescienceofstriking.com/mental-training/what-does-your-annual-training-plan-look-like-part-1/), and basing this plan around 1) your goals for the year, 2) your current performance level based on anaylsis of the previous year’s competitions, and 3) your competition calendar for the year. In this post we will take look at the …

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What does your testing battery look like? Part 7 – Energy Systems Assessments

In the previous few posts we have discussed the importance of performing testing for power and strength . In this last post of the series we discuss aerobic testing. Maximal Aerobic Speed There are numerous ways in which we can test for energy systems capacity, some of which require more resources (VO2 max, lactate testing …

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What does your testing battery look like? Part 6 – Strength Assessments

Moving on from the previous post on power assessment (https://www.thescienceofstriking.com/training/what-does-your-testing-battery-look-like-part-5-power-assessments-part-3/), this post will discuss assessments of strength. Strength is the most important quality in most athletic pursuits, as it underpins the foundation upon which other qualities such as power and endurance are built upon. Strength assessments play a pivotal role in the programming progress in …

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What does your testing battery look like? Part 5 – Power Assessments (Part 3)

In the previous post we provided some examples of lower body power tests. In this final post on power assessments we provide 2 examples of upper body power tests. Upper Body Power Assessments As much of the power development in common sports is focused on the lower body (due to the importance of running speed, …

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What does your testing battery look like? Part 4 – Power Assessments (Part 2)

Part 4 – Power Assessments (Part 2) In the previous post we discussed tools that can be used to directly assess striking power. Most of us will not have access to these tools, and even when we do, we should always combine these direct assessments with traditional physiological power assessments in order to work out …

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What does your testing battery look like? Part 3 – Power Assessments (Part 1)

In the previous two posts we discussed assessments for range of movement and body composition. We will now discuss some basic assessments of muscular power. Obviously in all combat sports there needs to be an element of power development, either to deliver strikes with adequate speed/impact to achieve the desired goal of either breaking the …

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What does your testing battery look like? Part 2 – Range of Movement Assessments

We can use basic tests to assess the range of movement at every joint in the body. However this is often time-consuming and unnecessary. During our needs analysis we can ascertain, by an assessment of the movement patterns prominent in the sport, what movements are required at each joint. For striking athletes, rotational ability at …

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What does your testing battery look like? Part 1

Training with a Purpose For many of us, both athletes and general fitness enthusiasts, the new year brings a new wind of enthusiasm and motivation. In the last several posts we covered the goal setting process (read here if you missed them:https://www.thescienceofstriking.com/mental-training/goal-setting-for-2019-part-1-types-of-goals/), and the importance of this. After goals have been set, we need to …

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Goal Setting for 2019 Part 3 – Goal Setting as a Process

Goal Setting for 2019 Part 3 – Goal Setting as a Process In part 1 and 2 we discussed different types of goals as well as the important attributes that goals need to have (read here if you missed these:https://www.thescienceofstriking.com/mental-training/goal-setting-for-2019-part-2-smart-goals/). However it is not sufficient to merely set a goal and hope for the best. …

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Goal Setting for 2019 Part 2 – SMART Goals

In the previous post we discussed the importance of goals and the various types of goals that we can set. If you missed this post, jump back and have a quick look:https://www.thescienceofstriking.com/mental-training/goal-setting-for-2019-part-1-types-of-goals/ There are other important considerations when setting goals, and these are often summarised by the acronym SMART. SMART Goals Goals need to be …

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