Having an understanding of injury prevalence is of great importance to athletes and coaches, as well as medical and performance specialists working with those particular sports. This study contributed to the growing body of combat sports injury prevalence literature through a questionnaire based study of injury rates in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ). A 67-question …
Several objective physical performance tests specific to individual combat sports have been described in the literature and used in practice over the last 5 years. The Jiu Jitsu Anaerobic Performance Test (JJAPT) was described by Villar in 2018, however the study to assess its reliability was performed on a relatively small sample size. The aim …
BRIEF REVIEW: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE JIU JITSU ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE TEST Read More »
Given the footwork and movement-related demands, as well as the abundance of lower body techniques used, the prevalence of lower limb injury in taekwondo (TKD) is thought to be high. This descriptive analysis sought to investigate the prevalence and nature of ankle and foot injuries in TKD athletes. TKD athletes from the German Olympic training …
The Impact Monitoring Mouthguard (IMM) is a wearable device used to measure head trauma during combat via linear and angulation kinematic recording via 4 accelerometers, each transmitting 3 channels of data. This study used the above-mentioned device to quantify and compare head impacts between boxing and MMA training and competition. 23 participants (19M/4F) …
BRIEF REVIEW – HEAD IMPACT COMPARISON:MMA AND BOXING Read More »
Weight cutting, and the associated risks and advantages/disadvantages is a topic of great focus in the combat sports world. Most combat sports athletes will engage in rapid weight loss (RWL) prior to weigh-in, followed by rapid weight gain (RWG) leading up to the scheduled bout. The health risks associated with these practices have been …
BRIEF REVIEW: RAPID WEIGHT LOSS/RAPID WEIGHT GAIN AND MMA PERFORMANCE Read More »
Hip pain is common in many sports, including field-based sports that involve rotation. Given the kicking demands of martial arts such as karate, hip pain is thought to be of high prevalence. This study used an American midwestern statewide survey of 180 (112M/66F) karate athletes of different levels. 54 athletes (30.5%) had experienced …
The knee is a common site of injury in many sports, including combat sports. Due to the direct stress to knee structures during submission attempts, the prevalence of knee injury in Brazilian JiuJitsu (BJJ) is thought to be high. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of knee injuries in BJJ and compare this …
BRIEF REVIEW: PREVALENCE OF KNEE INJURIES IN BJJ Read More »
Cutting weight safely is a critical element of performance and health in combat sports. It is often thought that athletes who are better educated in the science and practice are both able to cut weight more safely and with less impact on their performance, and also keep their weight closer to the division limits and …
BRIEF REVIEW: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRITION EDUCATION AND RAPID WEIGHT LOSS Read More »
When we analyse the kinetic chain motion of the punch, there is an obvious contribution from the rotation of the hips and trunk. More proficient punchers tend to have superior utilization of these rotational elements, as the greater movement that occurs allows for greater force production and also allows the athlete to function more within …
THE IMPORTANCE OF TRANSVERSE PLANE MOBILITY IN ROTATIONAL SPORTS Read More »
In any competitive activity, an athlete must have an optimal level of psychological arousal to facilitate ideal performance. It is thought that higher anxiety and harm avoidance is associated with poorer performance in combat sports. It is also thought that certain genetic psychological traits, in particular the behavioural response to stress, are associated with greater …
BRIEF REVIEW: OPTIMAL AROUSAL FOR FIGHT PERFORMANCE Read More »
A history of sports-related head trauma may be associated with long-term neurological deficits. As such, methods to monitor certain aspects of neurological function in combat athletes could provide useful information and optimise the integration of protective strategies. This was another great study from @ ‘s group out of Victoria University in British Columbia. 67 …
BRIEF REVIEW: LONG-TERM HEAD IMPACT – EFFECT ON BALANCE Read More »
As striking power is a key characteristic for success in combat sports involving striking, measurement of this quality is useful for assessing the outcome of training interventions. The authors of this paper conducted a review of the current literature pertaining to assessment of punching force. 9 papers between 2000 and 2021 were included in the …
BRIEF REVIEW: METHODS OF MEASURING PUNCHING POWER Read More »
Rule changes are periodically made in sports, often to reduce the incidence of injury or make the sport more spectator-friendly. From a sports performance perspective, it is important to understand the changes in physiological demands that may occur secondary to a rule change. In 2017, several rule changes were made by World Taekwondo, including raising …
PHYSIOLOGICAL DEMANDS FOLLOWING TKD RULE CHANGES Read More »
Having an understanding of injury epidemiology in a specific sport is important for athletes, coaches and medical professionals. The authors of this paper conducted a systematic review and meta analysis of the rates and nature of injuries in competitive judoka. Due to the diverse nature of the studies and the types of injuries included, it …
Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ) is a sport that relies heavily on both aerobic and anaerobic energy systems. Having population-specific data in terms of athletic performance variables can aid in designing and implementing sports performance programs. 12 BJJ athletes (including national and international level competitors) were assessed using: Squat jump, countermovement jump, plyometric push up Lower …
BRIEF REVIEW: AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE IN BJJ Read More »
The average reaction time of combat athletes is >500ms, which is much slower than the speed of a punch (200s) or kick (260s). Because of this, athletes must rely on detection of initiation signals in order to defend or counter attack. These early cues are also known as “telegraphs” (TGs). It is also known that …
BRIEF REVIEW: TELEGRAPHING OF KICKING TECHNIQUES Read More »
There has been a rapid increase in the number of combat sports-specific fitness tests being assessed in research environments and utilised in the field. This should in theory lead to more accurate assessment of sports-specific performance and optimised program design. The researchers in this study sought to investigate the validity of a taekwondo (TKD)-specific cardiopulmonary …
Eye injuries are a common occurrence in mixed martial arts (MMA) due to the frequency and diversity of head attacks, the size of the gloves used, and the fact that the fingers are uncovered, leading to the potential for illegal eye pokes. This study sought to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of eye injuries in …
The environment within which an athletic event takes place can influence the physiological and psychological response of competitors, therefore influencing performance. Changes in competition area may force technical and tactical changes, therefore increasing or decreasing output and effort, and may also change perceived pressure. This study assessed the rate of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate …
BRIEF REVIEW: THE EFFECT OF JUDO COMPETITION AREA ON PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE Read More »
Boxing is characterized by repeated head contact, and participation results in increased risk of head and brain injury. The occurrence of these injuries is correlated with the number of punches received to the head during training and competition. Furthermore, the number of hits received to the head during competition negatively impacts judging criteria and therefore …
BRIEF REVIEW: THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN BOXING-RELATED HEAD INJURY PREVENTION Read More »
Rapid weight loss (RWL) is commonplace in most combat sports in order to gain a perceived competitive advantage over opponents. Despite this, strong concerns remain regarding the safety for athletes undergoing this process. As the main mechanism of rapid weight loss is dehydration, it makes sense that the kidneys are placed under a significant degree …
I am a big fan of the cross education effect, and use it often in the rehabilitation setting. Past research has shown that resistance training on one limb may enhance strength levels on the other, and that when the other limb is immobilized (which would usually lead to a decrease in strength and muscle mass), …
Russian sambo was the official sport of the USSR prior to 1940, and has produced a long list of high-level mixed martial arts performers, none more notable than current UFC P4P king Khabib Nurmegomedov. This was the first study to date looking at rapid weight loss (RWL) practices specifically in sambo athletes, and was based …
Head injuries are arguably the most serious injuries in mixed martial arts (MMA). Recurrent head trauma is thought to be associated with an increased risk of the development of neurodegenerative disease, and is the primary cause of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). As MMA as a sport is still in its relative infancy, research into long-term …
Weight cutting in combat sports, including mixed martial arts (MMA), is a huge issue of debate due to the health risks to the athletes undergoing this practice. In 2016 the California state athletic commission changed their weigh-in process to allow athletes to weigh in 30 hours prior to their bout, rather than the customary 24 …
Caffeine supplementation has been shown to be effective in improving performance in strength, endurance and repeat high-intensity exercise. Although the use of caffeine supplementation in combat sports has increased since it was removed from the WADA prohibited substance list, the effects of caffeine specific to combat sports have yet to be investigated. Caffeine is thought …
When athletes present to us with orthopedic-related pain, it is our duty to provide them with the most thorough and appropriate explanation of their problem, in order to facilitate the optimal management plan. Part of this involves providing a working diagnosis with which to classify the problem, base our interventions, and effectively communicate with other …
Many individuals use the early part of the year to set goals for the year ahead. The goal setting process can be conducted in a number of different ways. A recent study looked to assess the effect of different types of goal setting on desired outcomes. ⅔ of the goals were related to health, fitness, …
In 2013 the international boxing association (AIBA) prohibited the use of headguards for male olympic boxing competitions, claiming that the use of headguards promoted a false sense of security and risk taking behaviour, and may actually lead to greater head injuries. However, there is still the possibility that headguards decrease direct impact and help protect …
Preparedness for sport depends on a number of different cognitive factors, and it is believed that the manifestations of athlete’s readiness for sport may be different among athletes from different combat sports backgrounds. This study sought to identify links between neurodynamic and cognitive functions among athletes practicing different martial arts. 28 wrestlers, 34 judokas, and …
BRIEF REVIEW: COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN DIFFERENT COMBAT SPORTS ATHLETES Read More »
Elite athletes often have to travel long distances to compete, and many times have to perform with little time to recover. This review looked at the research regarding the effect of long haul travel on athletic performance. 14 studies were identified relating to soccer, skeleton, gymnastics, wheelchair basketball, rugby league and rowing, and assessed psychometric …
BRIEF REVIEW: The Effect of Long Haul Travel on Athletic Performance Read More »
Judo is a martial art/sport consisting of repeated bursts of high-intensity effort over a relatively short (4 min) period of time (more in the case of an extension). As such, improvements in muscular strength and power are likely to improve judo performance. Many different types of physical preparation programs have been used to improve performance …
BRIEF REVIEW: STRENGTH TRAINING FOR JUNIOR JUDO ATHLETES Read More »
Joint lock submissions and strangulations/chokes account for a large number of finishes in mixed martial arts (MMA). The percentage of UFC matches ending in submission between 1993 and 2002 was 30%. This study aimed to review the statistics from recent MMA events. The fight outcomes from a total of 1903 bouts from 167 UFC events …
Both pre-conditioning and recovery strategies are frequently utilised by athletes from a large range of sports, however minimal research exists in terms of their prevalence amongst boxers. The authors of this paper administered a questionnaire to 101 boxers of 2 different levels (senior elite and senior development) regarding their pre-conditioning and recovery habits. Pre-competition priming …
Amateur boxing events, like other martial arts events, are often conducted over the course of several days, with weigh-ins being conducted on each day of competition. For optimal outcome within the event, it is important that athlete performance is maintained throughout this time. This study assessed power-related measures of 14 (8 male/6 female) Brazilian international …
BRIEF REVIEW: BOXING PERFORMANCE OVER A 4-DAY TOURNAMENT Read More »
The NCAA instigated the wrestling weight management program (WMP) in 1998 in response to the deaths of 3 collegiate wrestlers. Under this program, athletes are permitted to lose a maximum weight of 1.5% off-season body mass per week. There have been concerns over the intertester reliability, measurement validity and appropriateness of the prediction equations. This …
Techniques aimed at rendering an opponent unconscious due to restriction of blood flow to the brain, are commonly utilised in mixed martial arts (MMA) competition. These techniques are commonly described as “chokes”, but are more technically “strangulations”. A knowledge of these techniques is important for both athletes and coaches, as well as medical professionals working …
Given that most combat athletes compete in weight divisions and are often forced to adjust dietary habits in order to make weight, the risk of developing disordered eating behaviours is elevated. This study sought to identify trends between sport-specific self-confidence, pre-competition weight loss, and disordered eating. Elite and sub-elite MMA (n=47) and BJJ (n=64) …
SHORT REVIEW: DISORDERED EATING IN COMBAT SPORTS ATHLETES Read More »
Concussions are a major issue within combat sports and can lead to serious and long-term negative health consequences. Within many combat sports, a bout may be stopped due to a TKO, where the athlete is determined to not be in a position to safely defend themself, or at risk of harm should the bout continue. …
BRIEF REVIEW: RECOGNITION OF CONCUSSION IN COMBAT SPORTS Read More »
A knowledge of injury epidemiology in specific sporting populations is important in understanding injury risk and instigating preventative measures. Injury rates from the last 3 summer olympic games (Beijing, 2008, London, 2012, and Rio De Janeiro, 2016) were compiled for boxing, wrestling, judo and taekwondo. The data was collected using the IOC injury & …
BRIEF REVIEW: Injury rates in olympic combat sports Read More »
Language has been a major focus in recent times in regards to chronic pain management, however its relevance to acute injuries is often under appreciated. This editorial proposes 8 recommendations in terms of language used in the case of acute injury. In the absence of trauma, do not assume that pain indicates tissue damage …
BRIEF REVIEW: THE IMPORTANCE OF LANGUAGE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE INJURIES Read More »
As Taekwondo (TKD) competition is primarily composed of a succession of short-duration, high-intensity interactions, it is important for tests designed to measure the repeat effort ability of its athletes to assess these characteristics. Previous TKD-specific tests, such as the Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKT) have used metrics such as the total number of …
BRIEF REVIEW: A Novel Test for Assessing Kick Capacity in Taekwondo Read More »
WHAT IS “ANIMAL CONTEST THEORY”? Animal contest theory assumes that animals possess accurate information about their own fighting ability or resource-holding potential (RHP) and, under some models, that of their opponent. In the animal model, defeat is often indicated when one animal surrenders and retreats. RHP may also be applied to humans, and in a …
THE PUNCHER’S CHANCE In combat sports, the puncher’s chance refers to the scenario whereby a combatant who is thought to be inferior in ability prior to a bout, or who is being outclassed during a bout, still has the ability to win the bout via KO or TKO. Researchers in Australia analysed the statistics …
BRIEF REVIEW: What are the odds of the “puncher’s chance” Read More »
Due to the repeat high intensity burst nature of combat sports, they are highly reliant on glycolytic mechanisms for energy production. Glycolysis results in intramuscular H+, which needs to be buffered via intracellular (phosphates, carnosine) and extracellular (bicarbonate) buffers and a dynamic buffering system. Supplementary Sodium Bicarbonate and Beta Alanine have both been shown to …
BRIEF REVIEW: Beta-alanine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation in combat sports Read More »
Physical preparation for any sport requires a thorough understanding of the specific physical demands and dominant energy systems. BJJ is a sport consisting of repeated, intermittent, high-energy bursts of activity, and as such, requires contribution from all energy systems. This study sought to investigate the relative energy systems contribution using a sample of 10 male …
Concussion is an extremely prevalent condition in contact sports and is one with potentially serious long-term consequences. In other sports where concussion has been identified as a major issue, such as American Football, head kinematics has been studied with the use of helmet-based accelerometry. An alternative for measuring head impact in MMA athletes, who do …
Brief Review: Mouthguard Measurement of Head Impact in MMA Read More »
Previous studies have shown correlations between lower limb force and power outputs, and punching speed and power in individual strikes from a static position. This study sought to investigate whether such correlations exist with punches thrown in combination, and also with punches thrown from more dynamic, fight-specific positions. 10 national-level male Italian karate athletes underwent …
Lower Limb Power is Correlated with Punching Speed in Karateka Read More »
Changing the spatial characteristics of a sporting environment may change the demands on the athlete, and potentially influence the outcome of the competition. Specific reduced competition size training drills (i.e. small-sided games in soccer) have long been utilized as a training means in other sports. Researchers in Italy compared the physiological (heart rate, blood lactate) …
Affect of Training Area and Sparring Partners in Taekwondo Read More »
Grip strength is an important physical characteristic of successful grappling athletes from all disciplines, with higher handgrip measurements seen in high-level, compared to lower-level athletes in BJJ, judo and wrestling. Furthermore, grip strength may also be seen as an important factor in injury reduction in these sports. The high-intensity nature of gripping actions in grappling …
The force with which an upper limb striking technique such as a punch is delivered with is a major determinant of the impact of the strike and its potential for damage and effectiveness. Previous research has shown greater levels of mean and maximum punching force in winning vs. losing boxing contestants. A great variety of …
BRIEF REVIEW: FORCE AND VELOCITY OF UPPER LIMB STRIKES Read More »
Combative choking techniques (more accurately described as strangulations) are commonly used techniques in a wide range of combat sports and arts, as well as in law enforcement. The goal of a strangulation is to cause bilateral compression of the carotid artery and jugular vein, decreasing the cerebral perfusion pressure and leading to a loss of …
BRIEF REVIEW: TIME TO LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS FOLLOWING A STROKE Read More »
Tapering refers to a systematic decrease in training load leading up to a competition, and is a common practice in most competitive sports. The goal of a taper is to dissipate fatigue while maintaining fitness, therefore maximising preparedness for the event. In most combat sports, the tapering process is confounded by the period leading up …
Visual, non-automated time-motion analysis has been used as a method of analysing performance in both competition and training conditions in a variety of sports, including combat sports, and is thought to have some utility in detecting change in performance as a result of training interventions. Two separate studies were conducted on high-level Brazilian judo athletes. …
The force with which an upper limb striking technique such as a punch is delivered with is a major determinant of the impact of the strike and its potential for damage and effectiveness. Previous research has shown greater levels of mean and maximum punching force in winning vs. losing boxing contestants. A great variety of …
BRIEF REVIEW: VELOCITY AND FORCE OF UPPER LIMB STRIKING TECHNIQUES Read More »
Christopher Kirk , David R Clark , Carl Langan-Evans & James P Morton Journal of Sports Sciences 2020;23-1 BACKGROUND The optimal preparation for any sport depends in part on the known determinants of success and the methods employed to achieve these determinants. As mixed martial arts (MMA) is a relatively new sport, the research base …
BACKGROUND Most musculoskeletal injury is multifaceted, with biomechanics, i.e. the way we move, one potential aspect that may lead to the occurrence of either a gradual-onset or acute-onset injury. It is thought that suboptimal biomechanics (tightness, weakness, impaired motor control etc.) in certain areas of the body may lean to increased mechanical load in other …
BRIEF REVIEW: Hip & Lumbar Range of Motion and Lower Back Pain Read More »
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of sports psychology interventions, or “psychological skills training” has been demonstrated in many sports. The aim of this study was to perform a review of studies directly related to sports psychology in MMA. METHODS The terms “mixed mart arts” and “ultimate fighting” were searched in combination with: “Psychology”, “Sport Psychology”, “Exercise Psychology”, …
BRIEF REVIEW: Sport Psychology in Mixed Martial Arts Read More »
BACKGROUND Hand and wrist injuries are the most commonly reported injuries in boxing. Previous studies have looked at shoulder and elbow joint angles in punching, but none have investigated movement at the wrist METHODS An 6-degree-of-freedom electromagnetic tracking system was used to measure wrist movement during punching, which was compared to a mechanical surrogate and …
BACKGROUND Rapid weight loss followed by rapid weight gain strategies are commonly employed by combat sports athletes of all disciplines. The amount of weight lost and subsequently gained is generally greater in MMA athletes than other combat athletes Previous studies have shown the amount of weight regained to be predictive of success in judo, but …
SHORT REVIEW: How Effective is Rapid Weight Loss in MMA? Read More »
BACKGROUND Vascular neck restraint (VNR) is a common method of both submission in combat sports such as jiu jitsu and MMA, as well as a controversial restraint technique used by law enforcement officers. The ultimate objective with VNR is to induce a loss of consciousness (LOC). The common understanding in terms of mechanism of LOC …
Body Composition of Elite Olympic Combat Sport Athletes (1) Reale, R; Burke, LM; Cox, GR & Slater, G. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE Volume 20, 2020 - Issue 2 BACKGROUND We jump from the previous study looking at a far less common performance trait in the form of genetic characteristics, to a more commonly measured …
RESEARCH REVIEW: Body Composition of Elite Olympic Combat Sport Athletes Read More »
The “Warrior” COMT Val/Met Genotype Occurs in Greater Frequencies in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters Relative to Controls Tartar, J; Cabrera, D; Knafo, S; Thomas, JD Antonio, J; Peacock, C. JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE (2020) 19, 38-42 BACKGROUND The body of sports science research pertaining to predictors of success in different athletic activities is …
Understanding Concussion Knowledge and Behaviour Among Mixed Martial Arts, Boxing, Kickboxing, and Muay Thai Athletes and Coaches (1) Follmer, B; Varga, AA;. & Zehr, EP. THE PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE 1–7 (2020) BACKGROUND Combat sports are unlike other contact sports, in that trauma to the brain is not only a consequence of the competition, it is …
The Safety of Sportive Chokes: A Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study (1) Stellpflug, S; Schindler, B; JCorry, J: Menton, T; LeFevere, R THE PHYSICIAN AND SPORT MEDICINE, PUBLISHED AHEAD OF PRINT. BACKGROUND Choking, or sporting choking, as it is referred to in the literature, is common in many grappling sports/arts. The goal of application of a choke …
RESEARCH REVIEW: The Safety of Sportive Chokes: A Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study Read More »
Effects of Rapid Weight Loss on Judo Athletes: A Systematic Review (1) CLakicevic, N; Roklicer, R; Bianco, A; Mani, D; Paoli, A; Trivic, T; Ostojic, S; Milovancev, A; Maksimovic, N;Drid, P. NUTRIENTS. 2020;12(5):1220. BACKGROUND The practice of weight-cutting for sports, in particular its safety and effectiveness, has been cause of a great deal of debate …
RESEARCH REVIEW: Effects of Rapid Weight Loss on Judo Athletes: A Systematic Review Read More »
Physical Response to Pad- and Bag-Based Boxing-Specific Training Modalities (1) Finlay, Mitchell J.; Greig, Matt; McCarthy, Jake; Page, Richard M. JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH, APRIL 2020 – VOLUME 34 – ISSUE 4 BACKGROUND Pad-based and bag-based training drills are among the most commonly used training modalities amongst striking combat athletes. The duration and …
Relationships Between Punch Impact Force and Upper- and Lower-Body Muscular Strength and Power in Highly Trained Amateur Boxers (1) Dunn, E; Humberstone, C; Franchini, E; Iredale, K; Blazevich, A. JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH, PUPLISHED AHEAD OF PRINT BACKGROUND It is a given that punching power is one of the most important characteristics in …
The Countermovement Jump Mechanics of Mixed Martial Arts Competitors James, L.P; Connick, M; Haff GG; Kelly, V.G; Beckman, E.M. JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH: APRIL 2020 – VOLUME 34 – ISSUE 4 BACKGROUND Explosive force development in the lower limb is a critically important characteristic in mixed martial arts (MMA), and in part influences …
RESEARCH REVIEW – The Countermovement Jump Mechanics of Mixed Martial Arts Competitors Read More »
Defining the Phases of Boxing Punches – A Mixed Methods Approach Lenetsky, S; Brughelli, M;, Nates R.J; Neville, J.G; Cross, M.R; Lormier, A.V. JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH: APRIL 2020 – VOLUME 34 – ISSUE 4 BACKGROUND In many sports, common movements are separated into phases for the sake of optimising qualitative and quantitative …
RESEARCH REVIEW – Defining the Phases of Boxing Punches – A Mixed Methods Approach Read More »
Jiu-Jitsu-Specific Performance Test: Reliability Analysis and Construct Validity in Competitive Athletes da Silva Junior, J.N; Kons, R.L; de Lucas, R.D; Detanico, D. JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH, PUBLISH AHEAD OF PRINT BACKGROUND Similar to the tests discussed in the previous article, the Jiu Jitsu Anaerobic Performance Test (JJAPT), first described by Villar et al …
Validity of a Novel Specific Wrestling Fitness Test Markovic, M; Kukic, F; Dopsaj, M; Kasum, G; Toskic, L; and Zaric, I. JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH, ARRIL 2020 BACKGROUND The first paper of this issue, as the title suggests, explores the validity of a test specifically designed to assess fitness performance characteristics in wrestlers. …
RESEARCH REVIEW: Validity of a Novel Specific Wrestling Fitness Test Read More »
